【WEB系列】RestTemplate之Basic Auth授权

文章目录

1. I. 项目环境
   1. 1. 鉴权端点
2. II. Basic Auth鉴权姿势
   1. 1. 请求头方式
   2. 2. 拦截器方式
   3. 3. 标准验证拦截器
   4. 4. RestTemplateBuilder方式创建RestTemplate
   5. 5. 反面case
3. II. 其他
   1. 0. 项目&系列博文
   2. 1. 一灰灰Blog

前面介绍的RestTemplate的所有使用姿势都是不需要鉴权的，然而实际情况可不一定都这么友好；Http Basic Auth属于非常基础的一种鉴权方式了，将用户名和密码以Base64编码之后，携带在请求头，从而实现身份校验；

本文将主要介绍RestTemplate实现Basic Auth鉴权的几种姿势

I. 项目环境

博文测试项目完全基于【WEB系列】RestTemplate基础用法小结的项目环境，建议配合查看

基本环境：IDEA + maven + SpringBoot 2.2.1.RELEASE

1. 鉴权端点

private String getHeaders(HttpServletRequest request) {
    Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
    String name;

    JSONObject headers = new JSONObject();
    while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
        name = headerNames.nextElement();
        headers.put(name, request.getHeader(name));
    }
    return headers.toJSONString();
}

private String getParams(HttpServletRequest request) {
    return JSONObject.toJSONString(request.getParameterMap());
}

private String getCookies(HttpServletRequest request) {
    Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
    if (cookies == null || cookies.length == 0) {
        return "";
    }

    JSONObject ck = new JSONObject();
    for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
        ck.put(cookie.getName(), cookie.getValue());
    }
    return ck.toJSONString();
}

private String buildResult(HttpServletRequest request) {
    return buildResult(request, null);
}

private String buildResult(HttpServletRequest request, Object obj) {
    String params = getParams(request);
    String headers = getHeaders(request);
    String cookies = getCookies(request);

    if (obj != null) {
        params += " | " + obj;
    }

    return "params: " + params + "\nheaders: " + headers + "\ncookies: " + cookies;
}

/**
 * 标准的http auth验证
 *
 * @param request
 * @param response
 * @return
 * @throws IOException
 */
@GetMapping(path = "auth")
public String auth(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    String auth = request.getHeader("Authorization");
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(auth)) {
        response.setStatus(401);
        response.setHeader("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"input username and password\"");
        return buildResult(request) + "\n>>>no auth header";
    }

    String[] userAndPass = new String(new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(auth.split(" ")[1])).split(":");
    if (userAndPass.length < 2) {
        response.setStatus(401);
        response.setHeader("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"input username and password\"");
        return buildResult(request) + "\n>>>illegal auth: " + auth;
    }

    if ("user".equalsIgnoreCase(userAndPass[0]) && "pwd".equalsIgnoreCase(userAndPass[1])) {
        return buildResult(request) + "\n>>>auth: success!";
    }

    response.setStatus(401);
    response.setHeader("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"input username and password\"");
    return buildResult(request) + "\n>>>illegal user or pwd!";
}

一个简单的鉴权逻辑如上，从请求头中拿到Authorization对应的value，并解析用户名密码，如果满足则正确返回；如果不存在or不满足，则返回http状态码为401，并携带对应的提示信息

II. Basic Auth鉴权姿势

1. 请求头方式

最基础的一种是实现方式，完全根据Basic Auth的规则来，既然是校验请求头，那么我直接在请求头中加上即可

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

// 1. 最原始的办法，直接在请求头中处理
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.set("Authorization", "Basic " + Base64Utils.encodeToString("user:pwd".getBytes()));

HttpEntity<String> ans = restTemplate
        .exchange("http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth?name=一灰灰&age=20", HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity<>(null, headers),
                String.class);
log.info("auth by direct headers: {}", ans);

输出

(auth by direct headers: <200,params: {"name":["一灰灰"],"age":["20"]}
headers: {"authorization":"Basic dXNlcjpwd2Q=","host":"127.0.0.1:8080","connection":"keep-alive","accept":"text/plain, application/json, application/*+json, */*","user-agent":"Java/1.8.0_171"}
cookies: 
>>>auth: success!,[Content-Type:"text/plain;charset=UTF-8", Content-Length:"264", Date:"Mon, 29 Jun 2020 09:46:06 GMT"]>

2. 拦截器方式

上面的方式不太通用，借助前面的请求头设置姿势，如果有通用的需求，借助拦截器是一个好的选择

// 2. 借助拦截器的方式来实现塞统一的请求头
ClientHttpRequestInterceptor interceptor = (httpRequest, bytes, execution) -> {
    httpRequest.getHeaders().set("Authorization", "Basic " + Base64Utils.encodeToString("user:pwd".getBytes()));
    return execution.execute(httpRequest, bytes);
};
restTemplate.getInterceptors().add(interceptor);
ans = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth?name=一灰灰&age=20", String.class);
log.info("auth by interceptor: {}", ans);

输出

(auth by interceptor: <200,params: {"name":["一灰灰"],"age":["20"]}
headers: {"authorization":"Basic dXNlcjpwd2Q=","host":"127.0.0.1:8080","connection":"keep-alive","accept":"text/plain, application/json, application/*+json, */*","user-agent":"Java/1.8.0_171"}
cookies: 
>>>auth: success!,[Content-Type:"text/plain;charset=UTF-8", Content-Length:"264", Date:"Mon, 29 Jun 2020 09:46:06 GMT"]>

3. 标准验证拦截器

上面的拦截器主要还是我们自己来设置请求头，实际上Spring已经提供了标准的BasicAuthenticationInterceptor来实现我们的需求

// 3. 实际上RestTemplate提供了标准的验证拦截器
restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
restTemplate.getInterceptors().add(new BasicAuthenticationInterceptor("user", "pwd"));
ans = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth?name=一灰灰&age=20", String.class);
log.info("auth by interceptor: {}", ans);

输出

(auth by interceptor: <200,params: {"name":["一灰灰"],"age":["20"]}
headers: {"authorization":"Basic dXNlcjpwd2Q=","host":"127.0.0.1:8080","connection":"keep-alive","accept":"text/plain, application/json, application/*+json, */*","user-agent":"Java/1.8.0_171"}
cookies: 
>>>auth: success!,[Content-Type:"text/plain;charset=UTF-8", Content-Length:"264", Date:"Mon, 29 Jun 2020 09:46:06 GMT"]>

4. RestTemplateBuilder方式创建RestTemplate

RestTemplate除了使用new来构造之外，还可以借助RestTemplateBuilder来创建，有时候可能更加方便简洁

// 4. 创建 RestTemplate时指定
restTemplate = new RestTemplateBuilder().basicAuthentication("user", "pwd").build();
ans = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth?name=一灰灰&age=20", String.class);
log.info("auth by RestTemplateBuilder: {}", ans);

输出

(auth by RestTemplateBuilder: <200,params: {"name":["一灰灰"],"age":["20"]}
headers: {"authorization":"Basic dXNlcjpwd2Q=","content-length":"0","host":"127.0.0.1:8080","connection":"Keep-Alive","accept-encoding":"gzip","accept":"text/plain, application/json, application/*+json, */*","user-agent":"okhttp/3.14.4"}
cookies: 
>>>auth: success!,[Content-Length:"309", Content-Type:"text/plain;charset=UTF-8", Date:"Mon, 29 Jun 2020 09:46:06 GMT"]>

5. 反面case

上面介绍的几种都是正常可以工作的，接下来给出一个不能工作的case

对于Basic Auth，有一种常见的方式是将用户名和密码，放在url里面，如

那么我们直接用RestTemplate这么操作呢？

try {
    // 直接在url中，添加用户名+密码，但是没有额外处理时，并不会生效
    restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    ans = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://user:pwd@127.0.0.1:8080/auth?name=一灰灰&age=20", String.class);
    log.info("auth by url mode: {}", ans);
} catch (Exception e) {
    log.info("auth exception: {}", e.getMessage());
}

输出

(auth exception: 401 Unauthorized

注意直接在url里面添加用户名密码的方式是不行的，需要额外处理

II. 其他

0. 项目&系列博文

博文

• 【WEB系列】RestTemplate之代理访问
• 【WEB系列】RestTemplate之超时设置
• 【WEB系列】RestTemplate之中文乱码问题fix
• 【WEB系列】RestTemplate之自定义请求头
• 【WEB系列】RestTemplate基础用法小结

源码

• 工程：https://github.com/liuyueyi/spring-boot-demo
• 源码: https://github.com/liuyueyi/spring-boot-demo/tree/master/spring-boot/221-web-resttemplate

1. 一灰灰Blog

尽信书则不如，以上内容，纯属一家之言，因个人能力有限，难免有疏漏和错误之处，如发现bug或者有更好的建议，欢迎批评指正，不吝感激

下面一灰灰的个人博客，记录所有学习和工作中的博文，欢迎大家前去逛逛

• 一灰灰Blog个人博客 https://blog.hhui.top
• 一灰灰Blog-Spring专题博客 http://spring.hhui.top

打赏 如果觉得我的文章对您有帮助，请随意打赏。

微信打赏

支付宝打赏